Of all the cancers prevalent in the world today, throat cancer is one of the less recognized, often caused by the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol. Both are common causes of the disease, but a new factor is emerging as a major origin of throat cancer itself.

Based on an Ohio State University study, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of throat cancer. In fact, the virus is now the leading cause of oropharynxl cancers in the U.S., accounting for 64 percent of all cases.

Should the number of cases to continue to grow at its current rate, HPV will be causing more throat cancer than cervical cancer by the year 2020. Although more treatable than throat cancer not caused by the virus, there is no screening test for the throat tumors it causes. The tumors, which are known as oropharyngeal cancers, are therefore usually identified only once symptoms of the cancer are seen. These symptoms include swollen lymph nodes in the neck or a lasting sore throat or earache.

Although researchers consider the upsurge in throat cancers no reason to panic, they believe that the trend may be related to increases in oral sex. This is especially in relation to teenagers and young adults, who believe that oral sex is safer than other forms of sexual intercourse as a way of avoiding impregnation.

Since HPV is typically found in the genital region and transmitted through intimate contact, oral sex serves as a prime manner of spreading the virus. Although most people with HPV do not develop cancer, it can sometimes lead to the formation of throat tumors at the base of the tongue and the area just behind the mouth.

Based on the Ohio State University study, throat cancer caused by HPV is more prominent among men than women. In fact, the rise in cases is chiefly among young, white men, a factor that has yet to be explained.

Although those with HPV-related throat cancer generally live longer than those with other forms of the disease, its side effects can be unbearable and its therapy is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is important that sexually active people take measures to prevent the disease.

Although no vaccine has been tested to prevent throat cancer spread by HPV, both Gardasil and Cervarix are likely to do so. The two vaccines, which are used to fight various strands of HPV, are generally only recommended for girls, but are also being suggested for boys based on the results of the study.

Whether or not they have the vaccine, those sexually active should be evaluated for throat cancer if they experience any symptoms of the disease. That way, they can stop the deadly cancer from spreading, possibly marking the difference between life and death.